ABSTRACT
Globally, over 100 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported. The virus that causes COVID-19 is designated SARS-CoV-2;previously, it was referred to as 2019-nCoV. At the end of 2019, cases have been reported in all continents. The main aim of the COVID-19 vaccine is to establish immunity to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Immune system dysfunction is one of the serious complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the other hand, the immune system has a central role in the initiation and progression of this disease by promoting and persistence of systemic inflammation. Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 due to the older age and high frequency of comorbidity, such as diabetes and hypertension, in this population. This study aimed to review the immune response following vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccines in patients on maintenance HD and the factors associated with it.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a global health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 and associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients on maintenance Haemodialysis (HD). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but especially those with End-stage renal disease (ESRD), treated with maintenance HD tend to have a reduced immune response to infection or vaccination. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the immune response following vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccines in patients with maintenance HD and the factors associated with it. Patients and methods: This prospective observational comparative study included 44 patients with ESRD on maintenance HD had been done in the Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology Departments, Zagazig University Hospital. Another 20 vaccinated non-renal patients were considered controls. SARS-COV2 IgG was estimated using an ELISA assay. Results: There is a lower significant value of SARS COVID igG in renal dialysis patients compared to the control group regarding sex, smoking habit, and obesity. Also, there is a lower significant value of SARS COVID IgG in renal dialysis patients compared to the control group regarding the history of COVID19 infection before vaccination and occurrence of post-vaccine adverse effects. There is a higher significant SARS COVID igG value for males and smokers in the control group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients demonstrate a hyporesponsiveness to vaccination against COVID-19. Although most patients on maintenance hemodialysis developed a substantial humoral response following the COVID vaccine, it was significantly lower than controls. © 2022, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.